National Museum of Australia

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Title and collection	What	Where	Who	When
Wooden paddle - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Paddles Apply Paddles filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Ground stone hatchet head with a bifacial edge, hafted in a ... Professor Ronald Berndt collection Apply Professor Ronald Berndt collection filter	Hatchets Apply Hatchets filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1957 Apply 1957 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spearthrower American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Gecko, Ipilja-ipila American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Tatalara Apply Tatalara filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Painting depicts bird on tree and goanna Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Bayma Apply Bayma filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Lizard, Tjunda - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Wood carvings Apply Wood carvings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Melville Island, Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Melville Island, Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Dugong, Inunguluna American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Kulpidja Apply Kulpidja filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spearthrower Groote Eylandt American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Bark painting 'Three Mimi men, spirits of rocks, and turtle'... Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Yirawala Apply Yirawala filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
Painting depicts three figures in canoe, each with a fish on... Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
The green turtle, Gariwa - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Wood carvings Apply Wood carvings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Canoe Kangaroo Men Fish American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika Apply Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Serpent, Aitja American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Tatalara Apply Tatalara filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The North-east wind American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unawanda Apply Unawanda filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Bark painting, Kestrels and Chicks American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika Apply Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Cape Stewart, North Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Cape Stewart, North Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
A Dreaming of the Mandalbui People (On Bark: Dance of the ... Dorothy Bennett collection Apply Dorothy Bennett collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter
Bark painting 'Map of painter's travell [sic] by plane from ... Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mawalan 2 Marika Apply Mawalan 2 Marika filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
South East Wind and a Canoe American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika Apply Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Story of Neminyaniawja The Long Arm Man. Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Namdabida Apply Namdabida filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
Bark painting 'Couple of Mimi Spirits' by Paddy Compass Nama... Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Paddy C. Namatbara Apply Paddy C. Namatbara filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
Bifacially edged, ground stone hatchet Dr Robert Wishart collection Apply Dr Robert Wishart collection filter	Hatchets Apply Hatchets filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1964 Apply 1964 filter
Wood carving - Bunbulama - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Wood carvings Apply Wood carvings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mawalan Marika Apply Mawalan Marika filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Totem Place of the Shark, Bangudja American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mouta Apply Mouta filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Morning Star Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Niljermarija Apply Niljermarija filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
South East Wind American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Nambinara Apply Nambinara filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Unidentified Island American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Two Men, Nabira-mira American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Bark painting titled Snakes and Lizards by Mithinarri Gurruw... Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mithinarri Gurruwiwi Apply Mithinarri Gurruwiwi filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
The Black Ant, Uaipa American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Dalimbu. Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Bukanda Apply Bukanda filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
Weapon - Spear - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Sculpture - wood American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Wood carvings Apply Wood carvings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Bark painting 'Tortoises and fresh water crocodiles' by Birr... Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Birrikitji Gumana Apply Birrikitji Gumana filter	1963 Apply 1963 filter
Bark painting depicts four creatures, possibly frogs Dorothy Bennett collection Apply Dorothy Bennett collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter
South East Wind American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Nambinara Apply Nambinara filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Shark. Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Bukanda Apply Bukanda filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Melville Island, Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Melville Island, Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Dalimbu. Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Bukanda Apply Bukanda filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Wood carving - female human figure - Yirrkala, 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Wood carvings Apply Wood carvings filter	Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Yirrkala, East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Milky Way American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Painting depicts a waisted rectangular figure within a thin ... American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
The Blind Man. Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Nandabitta Apply Nandabitta filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
Weapon - Spear American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Milingimbi, Central Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Mr Charles P. Mountford Apply Mr Charles P. Mountford filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
Prau Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 Apply Dr Helen M Wurm collection no. 6 filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Nagingapa Naminyamanja Apply Nagingapa Naminyamanja filter	1969 Apply 1969 filter
Bark painting depicts six human figures with hair gathered i... Dorothy Bennett collection Apply Dorothy Bennett collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Unknown Apply Unknown filter
Weapon - Spearthrower American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Umbakumba, Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Umbakumba, Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Anawanda Apply Anawanda filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter
South-east wind story (Dreamtime story). Dr Karel Kupka collection Apply Dr Karel Kupka collection filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Nemigilagum Apply Nemigilagum filter
The Travels of the Man, Jundaruna American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... Apply American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (AASEAL) c... filter	Bark paintings Apply Bark paintings filter	Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia filter	Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika Apply Minimini Numalkiyiya Mamarika filter	1948 Apply 1948 filter