National Museum of Australia

Explore

Exploring

(1,025)

Explore sets

Objects

Club from central Western Australia, 1915

1985.0059.0076 is labelled: "Desert/Tribes/WA/Pres by Capt Bates 1915/Forbes". John ("Jack") H Bates was born in Hull, E...
Club from Cobar, New South Wales, 1909

Original label on 1985.0059.0103 reads: "[Mulga]/Tribe/1900/ (one end used for digging yams etc) /Cobar District /25". ...
Boomerang

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Aboriginal breastplate for Neddy, King of Neis Valley

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Boomerang

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden container from north Queensland, 1908

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0319 reads: ".Pitchie Food Dis/North Qland/E.O.M. 1908". "E.O.M." on 1985.0059.0319 sug...
Shell on hair string

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Boomerang

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0005 reads: "Coolgardie/WA". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated...
Boomerang

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Enamel bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter
Message stick

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Spearthrower from Western Australia

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Retouched blade [stone implement]

Original label on 1985.0059.0658 reads: "Gunnalla/N.SW/13/6/13". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigr...
Club from Bogan River area, New South Wales

Original label on 1985.0059.0108 reads: ' "Dondimuo"/for close fighting/B... River'. This original paper label is damage...
Aboriginal breastplate for Paddy, King of Boobarrego

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Spearthrower from Orara River area, 1898

Original label on 1985.0059.0272 reads: "Womerah/King Boney/Orara/River Tribe 1898". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born...
Ceremonial food bowl or Apira

The lavishly decorated food bowls, with their distinctive fine shell inlay, have always played an important part in the ...
Melrose Ware green ceramic bowl, made by Hoffman Brick & Pot...
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Hoffman Brick & Potteries Ltd
Apply Hoffman Brick & Potteries Ltd filter

1930
Apply 1930 filter

Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Apply Melbourne, Victoria, Australia filter
Club from Darling River, New South Wales, 1894

Original label on 1985.0059.0119 reads: 'Nulla or club /Lower Darling Tribe /made by "Docter Benson"/1894 /Prest by/J. B...
Message stick

Original label on 1985.0059.0397 reads: "War". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland...
Boomerang

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0001 reads: "Broome N.W W.A ". There are also traces of an original paper label on which...
Retouched flake [stone implement]

Original label on 1985.0059.0659 reads: "Gunnulla N.S.W./13/4/13". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emi...
Spearthrower from Bloomfield River area, Queensland

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Bogan pick [stone implement]

Original labelling on 1985.0059.1023 reads: "[1902]/Gundary/Pl ?/Go ? M". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England ...
Cast glass shallow pedestal bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Wooden container from Charlotte Waters, Northern Territory, ...

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0318 reads: "Pitchie/Charlotte Waters/1891/Central Aus". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was bo...
Aboriginal breastplate for Billy Kelly, King of Broadwater

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Club

Original label on 1985.0059.0097 reads: "4 WONJAH". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Quee...
Wooden bowl with carved floral designs
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter
Shield, Tumut, New South Wales,1899

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0298 reads: "TUMUT/Tribe/1899 Mr Evans" and "Illaman/13/3/99/Tumut/N.S.Wales". Edmund ...
Kimberley point

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden Club

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Ceremonial club from Bogan River area, New South Wales

Original label on 1985.0059.0112 reads: "[word] Bogan River". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrat...
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Boomerang

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Boomerang made by Moody, Bogan River, New South Wales, 1889

Original label on 1985.0059.0049 reads: "Moody of the Bogan River Tribe/1889/[Presd by] W Byrnes". Edmund Milne (1861-1...
Club from Namoi River, New South Wales, 1911

A list that accompanied the Milne collection on its arrival in Canberra has the following entry for 1985.0059.0132: "Nam...
Club head from Papua New Guinea

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Parrying shield, Darling River area, New South Wales

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0285 reads: "Darling River Tribe". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emi...
Glass bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr William Barbour Smith
Apply Mr William Barbour Smith filter

1950
Apply 1950 filter

New South Wales, Australia
Apply New South Wales, Australia filter
Boomerang from Bogan River, New South Wales

Original label on 1985.0059.0046 reads: "Bogan River NSW". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated t...
Spearthrower

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Spear

Original label on 1985.0059.0221 reads: "Boree Tribe Canoblas fighting spear (Major/Claude Smith 1890[)] from P. We...
Boomerang from Macleay River, New South Wales

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Club from Milne Bay province, Papua New Guinea

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Wooden bowl
Bowls
Apply Bowls filter

Mr R L. Bellamy
Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter

1915
Apply 1915 filter

Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania
Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Spearthrower from Byrock, New South Wales, 1912

Original label on 1985.0059.0270 reads: "Mulga Tribe Byrock/Jack Shepherd 1912". Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in...
Spearthrower from Mareeba, Queensland

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Club with attached stone disc

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Ceremonial food bowl or Apira

The lavishly decorated food bowls, with their distinctive fine shell inlay, have always played an important part in the ...
Cylindrical wooden clapstick

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Elliptical ornament made from a section of shell, from Cookt...

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Aboriginal breastplate for Tommy, Constable Wellington

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Hatchet head from North Queensland

Edmund Milne (1861-1917) was born in England and emigrated to Queensland with his parents 19 months later. He had had pe...
Bark container collected at Yallock station near Cobar, New ...

Original labelling on 1985.0059.0320 reads: "Prest by Mr J Leah/Cobar/Coolamon or food dish/Mulga tribe/Yallock ". Edmu...

Title and collection	What	Where	Who	When
Club from central Western Australia, 1915 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Western Australia, Australia Apply Western Australia, Australia filter		1915 Apply 1915 filter
Club from Cobar, New South Wales, 1909 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Cobar, New South Wales, Australia Apply Cobar, New South Wales, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1900 Apply 1900 filter
Boomerang Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Aboriginal breastplate for Neddy, King of Neis Valley Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Aboriginal breastplates Apply Aboriginal breastplates filter	Naas Valley, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Apply Naas Valley, Australian Capital Territory, Australia filter	Apply filter	1918 Apply 1918 filter
Boomerang Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Oodnadatta, South Australia, Australia Apply Oodnadatta, South Australia, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Wooden container from north Queensland, 1908 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Containers Apply Containers filter	Northern Queensland, Queensland, Australia Apply Northern Queensland, Queensland, Australia filter	Apply filter	1908 Apply 1908 filter
Shell on hair string Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Necklaces Apply Necklaces filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Boomerang Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Coolgardie, Western Australia, Australia Apply Coolgardie, Western Australia, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Boomerang Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter		Mr Edmund Milne Snr Apply Mr Edmund Milne Snr filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Enamel bowl Hilda Creager collection no. 1 Apply Hilda Creager collection no. 1 filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter
Message stick Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Message sticks Apply Message sticks filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Spearthrower from Western Australia Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Western Australia, Australia Apply Western Australia, Australia filter
Retouched blade [stone implement] Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Stone artefacts Apply Stone artefacts filter	Gundabooka, New South Wales, Australia Apply Gundabooka, New South Wales, Australia filter
Club from Bogan River area, New South Wales Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia filter
Aboriginal breastplate for Paddy, King of Boobarrego Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Aboriginal breastplates Apply Aboriginal breastplates filter	Orara River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Orara River, New South Wales, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1918 Apply 1918 filter
Spearthrower from Orara River area, 1898 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Orara River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Orara River, New South Wales, Australia filter		1898 Apply 1898 filter
Ceremonial food bowl or Apira Geoff Dennis collection Apply Geoff Dennis collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Solomon Islands, Oceania Apply Solomon Islands, Oceania filter
Melrose Ware green ceramic bowl, made by Hoffman Brick & Pot... Terence Lane collection Apply Terence Lane collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Apply Melbourne, Victoria, Australia filter	Hoffman Brick & Potteries Ltd Apply Hoffman Brick & Potteries Ltd filter	1930 Apply 1930 filter
Club from Darling River, New South Wales, 1894 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Darling River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Darling River, New South Wales, Australia filter	Dr Benson Apply Dr Benson filter	1894 Apply 1894 filter
Message stick Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Message sticks Apply Message sticks filter
Boomerang Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Broome, Western Australia, Australia Apply Broome, Western Australia, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Retouched flake [stone implement] Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Stone artefacts Apply Stone artefacts filter	Gundabooka, New South Wales, Australia Apply Gundabooka, New South Wales, Australia filter
Spearthrower from Bloomfield River area, Queensland Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Bloomfield River, Queensland, Australia Apply Bloomfield River, Queensland, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Bogan pick [stone implement] Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Stone artefacts Apply Stone artefacts filter	New South Wales, Australia Apply New South Wales, Australia filter
Cast glass shallow pedestal bowl Springfield - Faithfull Family collection Apply Springfield - Faithfull Family collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Wooden container from Charlotte Waters, Northern Territory, ... Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Containers Apply Containers filter	Charlotte Waters, Northern Territory, Australia Apply Charlotte Waters, Northern Territory, Australia filter		1891 Apply 1891 filter
Aboriginal breastplate for Billy Kelly, King of Broadwater Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Aboriginal breastplates Apply Aboriginal breastplates filter	Broadwater, New South Wales, Australia Apply Broadwater, New South Wales, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Club Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter
Wooden bowl with carved floral designs Springfield - Faithfull Family collection Apply Springfield - Faithfull Family collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter
Shield, Tumut, New South Wales,1899 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Shields Apply Shields filter	Tumut, New South Wales, Australia Apply Tumut, New South Wales, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1899 Apply 1899 filter
Kimberley point Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearheads Apply Spearheads filter
Wooden Club Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter
Ceremonial club from Bogan River area, New South Wales Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Boomerang Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Burketown, Queensland, Australia Apply Burketown, Queensland, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Boomerang made by Moody, Bogan River, New South Wales, 1889 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia filter	Mr Edmund Milne Snr Apply Mr Edmund Milne Snr filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Club from Namoi River, New South Wales, 1911 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Namoi River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Namoi River, New South Wales, Australia filter		1911 Apply 1911 filter
Club head from Papua New Guinea Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	New Britain, Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply New Britain, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Parrying shield, Darling River area, New South Wales Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Shields Apply Shields filter	Darling River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Darling River, New South Wales, Australia filter
Glass bowl Nancy Hamilton collection no. 2 Apply Nancy Hamilton collection no. 2 filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	New South Wales, Australia Apply New South Wales, Australia filter	Mr William Barbour Smith Apply Mr William Barbour Smith filter	1950 Apply 1950 filter
Boomerang from Bogan River, New South Wales Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Bogan River, New South Wales, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Spearthrower Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter
Spear Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spears Apply Spears filter	Orange, New South Wales, Australia Apply Orange, New South Wales, Australia filter
Boomerang from Macleay River, New South Wales Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Boomerangs Apply Boomerangs filter	Macleay River, New South Wales, Australia Apply Macleay River, New South Wales, Australia filter	Mr Edmund Milne Snr Apply Mr Edmund Milne Snr filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Club from Milne Bay province, Papua New Guinea Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter	Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter
Wooden bowl Papuan Official collection Apply Papuan Official collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania Apply Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Oceania filter	Mr R L. Bellamy Apply Mr R L. Bellamy filter	1915 Apply 1915 filter
Spearthrower from Byrock, New South Wales, 1912 Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Byrock, New South Wales, Australia Apply Byrock, New South Wales, Australia filter	Jack Shepherd Apply Jack Shepherd filter	1912 Apply 1912 filter
Spearthrower from Mareeba, Queensland Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Spearthrowers Apply Spearthrowers filter	Mareeba, Queensland, Australia Apply Mareeba, Queensland, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Club with attached stone disc Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clubs Apply Clubs filter
Ceremonial food bowl or Apira Geoff Dennis collection Apply Geoff Dennis collection filter	Bowls Apply Bowls filter	Solomon Islands, Oceania Apply Solomon Islands, Oceania filter
Cylindrical wooden clapstick Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Clapsticks Apply Clapsticks filter
Elliptical ornament made from a section of shell, from Cookt... Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Ornaments Apply Ornaments filter	Cooktown, Queensland, Australia Apply Cooktown, Queensland, Australia filter	Not provided Apply Not provided filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Aboriginal breastplate for Tommy, Constable Wellington Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Aboriginal breastplates Apply Aboriginal breastplates filter	Wellington, New South Wales, Australia Apply Wellington, New South Wales, Australia filter	Mr Edmund Milne Snr Apply Mr Edmund Milne Snr filter	1931 Apply 1931 filter
Hatchet head from North Queensland Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Hatchets Apply Hatchets filter	North Queensland, Queensland, Australia Apply North Queensland, Queensland, Australia filter
Bark container collected at Yallock station near Cobar, New ... Edmund Milne collection Apply Edmund Milne collection filter	Containers Apply Containers filter	Yallock, New South Wales, Australia Apply Yallock, New South Wales, Australia filter	J Leach Apply J Leach filter